Four Different Times

The following paragraph is from a new chapter, The Time Space Correlation, which doesn’t appear on Dr. Asher Eder’s book The Star of David, which was published in 1987 in English in Jerusalem by RubinMass Ltd.

Theological terms like אחרית הימים (aherit ha'yamim, latter days), or קץ הימים (qez ha'yamim, end of time) are to be understood on their level, i.e. subjectively: they mean to say that we human beings, individuals and eventually mankind as a whole, can raise to a spiritual level where time and infinity merge.
“To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heavens”, is a well known saying (Eccles. 3:1). That is, the “circumstances” – namely the relevant forces – have to be ripe for the event in view. On the people’s complaint that “the time is not come”, the Prophet answered “The time is yours” (Hag. 1:2,4); that is, make yourselves ready, put yourselves together. We may also note the term “under the heavens”. It tells us that time concepts and feelings belong to the realm of our concepts and feelings; but above the heavens, “beyond”, there is Omnipresence.
In this context we should look briefly at the terms eternity and infinity. The former means endlessness of duration beyond or outside of time (time has by definition a beginning and an end!); while the term infinity relates to quantity, and thus it is used to describe endlessness of space. Yet these two concepts merge; for, logically speaking, there cannot be an infinity besides an eternity: Infinity of space and eternity of time are One.
This concept of oneness finds its verification also in the Hebrew language: There, one of the epithets of God is המקום (ha’maqom), literally the place, or the space. The gamatria of מקום (maqom) is 40+100+6+40=186; and that of the Four-Letter-Name (י+ה+ו+ה) is 10+5+6+5=26. When we square each of these components, we get:
102 + 52 + 62 + 52 = 100+25+36+25=186, which equals exactly the gamatrical value of מקום, maqom. We may conclude that creation of space (quantity) is but an amplification of the Lord’s potency, with time as one of its innate components. While we may draw conclusions from our observations of the created world about its Creator, He reveals Himself to us in the time aspect: Through Moses He made His Name known as “אהיה אשר אהיה (=I shall be that I shall be; not: I am that I am, as often rendered incorrectly); and the two signs of the Covenant with Israel have time components as essential ingredients: the circumcision at the eighth day; and the keeping of Shabbat every seventh day. Then, there are the Feasts (מועדים, “fixed dates”) of Pessah, Shavuoth (50 days after Pessah). and Succoth (Feast of Tabernacles); also Rosh haShannah, the Jewish New Year with the Day of Atonement 10 days thereafter.
Other basic commandments, too, as e.g. the respecting of the women’s periods, relate to times; and so do even those which involve places. Most noteworthy in this respect is the Temple Mount: Notwithstanding the fact that all creation is the Creator’s PLACE – His Omnipresence - (מקום, maqom), He has ordained a special place (maqom) as the place of worship for all nations (Deuter. 12:5 et al; Is. 56:7 et al): Mount Zion, the Jerusalem’s Temple Mount.
Although there can, logically speaking, be only one eternity, we use yet terms like in all eternities; from eternity to eternity; eternity and beyond. They are mathematically and logically incorrect and should be understood as an attempt to convey the idea of immense time spans we cannot comprehend anyway.
Very revealing is in this context the Hebrew term for eternity, נצח (nezah): it means also victory. Endless duration of the (Divine) prevailing force and victory are seen as identical.
Summing up we can say that there are four different times:
a) the universal time about which we know hardly anything notwithstanding different theories about a "Big Bang" and the supposed time which passed since then. More relevant to us are the astrological times of the zodiac.
b) The time governing our globe due to the constellations and movements of sun, moon, and earth. With regard to the age of the latter, we would first have to decide from which stage of its development we can speak of it as a planet, or globe.
c) Religious times as e.g. Yom haKippurim (Day of Atonement); Shmittah; Yovel; or Advent in Christianity and Ramadan in Islam; etc. In fact each religion/culture knows specific time circles within bigger time circles, apparently in an attempt to raise man's consciousness above the limitations of the physical world.
d) Each one's personal time ("60 years old" counted from the date and hour of birth), given to us to grow therein physically, mentally, and spiritually. Our so-called biological clock is part of this personal time of ours.
In this context, we should take a brief look at a term which became very fashionable in recent years: going backwards in time. Based upon sub-atomic experiments in which particles appeared to move backwards in time, unrestraint fiction stories on the subject were sold widely for good money. There is no going backwards in time although from an abstract mathematical calculation it may sometimes appear to be so. We may compare this to a common experience. When traveling from west to east or from east to west we have to adjust our clocks, and when crossing the dateline, we even may have to deduct the date of a day, or add the date of a day. This does not make us one day or one minute younger, or older, although from a certain point of observation it may appear so. This would be true even in case we would travel in an airplane with a speed surpassing the rotation of the globe. The same holds in principle true also in view of the above mentioned sub-atomic experiments.
In view of the macrocosm, scientists have raised the question whether the universe which is at present conceived as expanding, would contract after reaching its culmination, and whether such a contraction would entail a reversal, or winding back, of time and of the processes which occurred during the time of expansion. It would not, of course. Reversal of a process (movement) may undo the effect of the preceding process but it cannot undo the process itself. Rather, the time (duration) needed for the reversal will have to be added to the time (duration) of the preceding process, notwithstanding the possibility that the times sensed during a process of contraction of the universe could be different from our present one.
The Zen saying quoted above: "What did your face look like before your father and mother were born?" does actually not relate to time. It is rather a question appertaining to quality, and could be answered by a kabbalistic term; "It was the face of Adam Kadmon" (the archetypal man, Gen. 1:26,27).

The Star of Jacob

Uri Ofir wrote an aricle about the Jewish Origin of the Star of David that I translated and published here on my blog. Recently he sent me an article by Ayelet-Hashachar Hareuveni that had been published in the Hebrew newspaper "Hayom" on 1.7.66. Uri attached to this article the next explanation:

Attached is an article from 66 I got from Shlomo Titlebaum, general manager of Neot Kedumim, a few years after I published my research. It looks as if my findings match the findings of Mrs. Hareuveni as far as we talk about Lilium Candidum as the origin of the Star of David. Of course Mrs. Hareuveni didn’t touch the point that the Lilium Candidum design was a part of the Menorah in the Tabernacle. This point is important in any discussion about the Jewish Origin of the Star of David.

Ayelet-Hashachar Hareuveni opens her article by discussing the verse from Numbers 24: 17 where Balaam says that “A star will come out of Jacob”. In Hebrew the literal wording is: a star was stepped upon from Jacob. Ayelet-Hashachar Hareuveni claims that the star in this verse is the Star of David which was a metallic shield composed of six triangles. The soldier stepped upon the part that was between two triangles and thus the shield had been stuck into the ground

by the two pointed edges that stood on the ground. After stepping upon the shield the soldier immediately lay behind it, and it served him as a mini- post that protected him from the enemy arrows, while, at the same time, he could look through the shield and aim his bow. Moreover he could roll the shield on the ground to the left or to the right and change his position not only forwards but also to the sides… only this explanation makes it possible for us to understand the rest of the verse because using this wonderful weapon enabled the Israelites to crush through the forehead of Moab, And tear down all the sons of Sheth.

Ayelet-Hashachar Hareuveni goes on to claim that the Shield of David was built like the Lilium Candidum

Which is the valley’s daffodil, or the rose of the valley mentioned in the Song of Songs, the diameter of which can be as long as eight centimeters. This lily was the model and the architectural source to the ancient building of the Star of David.

In the middle of the article appears a drawing of this Star of David and a caption that reads:

The Star of Jacob - the Star of David
The side that turns to the enemy.

Our Feelings Of Time

The following paragraph is from a new chapter, The Time Space Correlation, which doesn’t appear on Dr. Asher Eder’s book The Star of David, which was published in 1987 in English in Jerusalem by Rubin Mass Ltd.

These feelings are geared to sun and moon, as we saw already.
Sayings like "the time stands still", "time is running out", etc., describe subjectively feelings of ours concerning a certain passage of time. We calculate then with our brains the time we feel with our whole being. There is nothing wrong with these feelings. They exist like all the other feelings and are part of our human nature. They are caused by internal and external forces which influence our consciousness. The more we are immersed in an action, or taken in by it, the more we get the feeling that time is moving fast, or that it stands still, or that we are beyond time (as e.g. in deep meditation). However, time as a result of the movement of the planets and of the operation of other forces as well, goes on as normal. There is the view that acts like meditation, prayer, love, etc bring us closer to the Divine while in fact they open us more up to higher and subtler forces (like the so-called alpha-waves in the language of modern science). On the other hand, time seems not to pass in a sleepless night, in a long queue, in a prison cell...
On the other hand, sayings like "time heals", "time will do it", are erroneous since time is not a force, nor can any force be attributed to it; rather relevant forces need a certain duration (span of time) for their work of healing, etc, as said above. In cases of so-called miraculous instant healings, the healing forces put to work operate immediately, that is to say their operational time is extremely shortened.
Sayings like "time is money", "time is precious", etc, allude to energies we have subconsciously in mind when using such phrases (money represents energies; we have to work for it!). - "Racing against time" describes the attempt to outdo forces we have to cope with. As a general rule we can say, the more the time at our disposal gets limited the more precious it becomes. - "Timeless" we say about things we deem unaffected by tear and wear. - "Observing times", "organizing time", mean to tune in to certain energy patterns indicated by hours or other points of time, as e.g. in sunrise or sunset meditations, prayers, etc. (Indian classical music knows pieces of music to be played at certain hours only). - "To arrive in time" is to organize our energy pattern in a way that it coincides with that of the partner (be he a business colleague, a departing airplane, or whatever). - "Waste of time", "loss of time", mean in fact wasting forces, letting them continue to work without taking advantage of them. That means, in relation to us we let them idle. - Our car travel from home to office may take half an hour in a traffic jam instead of 10 minutes on a free road. In that case we are forced to let energies idle. In the "language" of our graph, the length of the line a-b is subjected to the length of line a-c. - When we grow older, "things go slower" due to decreased energy. Walking a mile in half an hour when we are young, we may in higher age need 40 minutes or more for the same distance.
The process of aging can have different aspects: that of wear and tear, i.e. forces are working upon us or upon an object; and/or that of maturing, "growing up" to something in which case we use forces for a certain end within a span of time given to us.

Swastica Inside a Hexagram

Swastica (Swastika) inside a hexagram on a gate at the foot of the stairs up to the Monkey Temple in Kathmandu, Nepal. Picture is courtesy of yboxochoc from Flickr.

Known to the ancient Egyptians

The WWW is full of nasty articles about the Star of David. The authors of these articles are trying to prove that the six pointed star is mean and that using it is idolatry. They quote all kinds of unreliable sources and add a lot of wishful thinking of their own. Usually I don’t give them a stage on my blog but today I got the Brit-Am Now-820 and because I liked Yair Davidiy’s Answer to Michelle, I’ll make an exception.

Yair Davidiy Answer to Michelle:

You sent me extracts from an article claiming that the Star of David is the sign of Saturn etc

The article had a lot of quotation e.g

"The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia declares that the SIX-POINTED

STAR... according to the Rosicrucian... was known to the ancient

Egyptians." (Graham, p. 13)

There is no proof of this

Even if it was true (and I think it is not) it would not prove anything

I am afraid to say that The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia may not always be

such a good source and "the Rosicrucians" are even worse

DR. Moshe Gaster Article About the Magen David

I read in the Israel Museum library an article titled "Magen David" by Dr. Moshe Gaster, (1856- 1939),  preeminent scholar, Rabbi of the Spanish community in London, Zionist, and friend of Theodore Hertzl. The article had been published in Rimon- Milgroim, Jewish periodical, in 1926, if I’m not mistaken. Dr. Moshe Gaster claims there that he solved the riddle of the source of the Star of David emblem:

undoubtedly at first the six pointed like the five pointed served mainly for secret numerical speculations… In this image of six points it's possible to see as well a star emblem. Connecting this emblem to the name of David originates doubtless from the source of the messianic idea… As known the verse “there shall step forth a star out of Jacob”, in Numbers 24:17, was interpreted already on days of Hashmonean about the anticipated Messiah, and from here also the myth of the star in the new testament, that unquestionably originates from this ancient tradition. And more than that this interpretation takes place on the days of Bar Coziva who, on the basis of that verse, nicknames himself Bar Cochva (the son of the star), and to this nickname rabbi Akiva and his ardent students also agree. And it was quite natural to tie the same image of the star to the name of David, the father of the fathers of the Messiah. The star became the symbol of the Messiah, and in this way became also renowned as the emblem in the shield of King David. In other words the star in the shield of King David is the national emblem of the Hebrew people.

Dr. Gaster attached to the enclosed article a photograph of an amulet from the tenth century(See above) that was found in the Cairo Genizah. The amulet is covered with dense Hebrew writing; on top of it appear five Stars of David. Rabbi Gaster surmises that the source of each such amulet is hundreds of years before it was found because:

Every amulet and magical combination that we find now unquestionably had been copied from more ancient amulet because it is forbidden to change even one letter if you don’t want it to lose its power.

Which means that Jews recognized the Magen David and used it in their amulets hundreds of years before it was found in the Genizah.

Dr. Gaster also notes that:

To our wonder it was also found in the British Museum on the margins of pages of Greek magic charms from the second or third century.

It’s a pity Dr. Gaster didn’t give us some more accurate details about these Greek magic charms, because I’d like to see them.

Dr. Gaster’s interpretation to the verse “there shall step forth a star out of Jacob” fits Uri Ofir’s findings in his research about the Jewish Origin of the Star of David where he says that Rashi and Ibn Ezra interpreted that Balaam prophesized in this verse about King David. These interpretations were certainly known to Dr. Gaster.

Relativity of time

The following paragraph is from a new chapter, The Time Space Correlation, which doesn’t appear on Dr. Asher Eder’s book The Star of David, which was published in 1987 in English in Jerusalem by Rubin Mass Ltd.

Relativity of time 

In the previous chapter we reiterated the consensus about our notions of hours, days, and seasons. However, when looking closer, through a magnifying glass so-to-speak, we will notice that our time concept is somewhat rounded off, and subjective as well.

When someone in England or Scandinavia enjoys a nice summer day on the beach, he is hardly aware that it is winter on the southern hemisphere - at the same time. He would have to remind himself of that if he were to fly to Melbourne the other day, and to pack his winter clothes.
Everyone going, driving, or flying from say Moscow to Paris has to adjust his clock according to the local time. Usually this is done at the time of arrival. But how would he have to adjust his clock if for some reason he needs to know every minute, or after every kilometer of travel, the exact time?
Even this simple example can give us an idea about the intricate inter-relatedness between the calculation of the exact position in the three-dimensional space and its angle to the "two big lights which shall be [unto us] for signs and seasons and days" (and the hours, minutes, and seconds as fractions thereof). In addition to these four dimensions - the three conventional dimensions of space and the interrelated time - we have to take into account also the speed of the travelling body in relation to the movements of the other bodies (earth, sun, other airplanes, etc). This needs to be done e.g. for calculating the trajectories of missiles and of satellites. Based upon considerations like these, modern science developed the concept of space-time (in contrast to the conventional space and time) to indicate the inter-relatedness between these components.
Contemplating such thoughts, Albert Einstein developed his theories of relativity (in 1905), and the mathematician Herman Minkowski introduced (in 1908) the concept of the "union of space and time", or in brief, space-time.
Besides revolutionizing science, these new concepts settle the age-old philosophical dispute over objectivity or subjectivity: By nature, we are subject to the latter. For instance, we perceive the sun as a small ball although its diameter is more than a hundred times bigger than that of our globe. We also perceive the diameters of sun and moon as equal although the latter is even smaller than the earth. What is more, we derive all our measurements --meters, miles, furlongs; days, years; light-years, etc-- from subjective observations pertaining to our globe, standardize them conveniently, and take the results thereof for objectivity. There is nothing wrong with that as long as we are aware that they have no bearings on other planets (Mars, Jupiter, etc), not to speak of other solar systems, as said already.
Our hexagram with its straight lines depicts aptly these conditions we live in.
In the wake of the above mentioned modern considerations, the term absolute time became fashionable. However, this term is but one of the many examples for modern inflation and confusion of language. Time is by definition relative, relative to the position(s) of the body(ies) in view at a given moment. However, since no two bodies can at the very same instant be at the very same place, each of them has its own position and therefore its own time. The differences between them are usually so minute that they are of no tangible consequences for our daily lives, and so we can forget about them. But to speak of absolute time is more than exaggerated. Even viewing on TV a life broadcast lacks behind the actual event the time the electric waves need to cover the distance from there to the receiver (e.g. from one side of the globe to the other approximately 1/7 of a second).
There is no absolute time in the universe either as everything is moving relatively to everything else. Moreover, the velocities as well as the distances measured in light years are so huge that they don't allow to conceive of simultaneity.