The five colorful alchemical hexagrams represent the planets (not including the yellowish Sun and the silvery Moon)
Picture is from Wikipedia entry: “Odd people” uploaded by Mattes
Source: Basilius Valentinus, Azoth ou le moyen de faire l'Or caché des Philosophes, Paris, 1659.
It seems that using hexagrams to represent the planets was a conventional theme for the 17th century illustrators of alchemical books.
